The Status of African-American Soldiers in the Regiments of Massachuset

The Civil warfare, which began in April of 1861, was a war that most saw as ending by the end of the year non ane person expected it to turn into the long and drawn out slaughter that it became. It was a war that came about originally because of the secession of Southern states from the yoke in the belief that the election of Abraham Lincoln to the Presidency would render emancipation inevitable. Only white soldiers fought against each other at the outset of war however by mid-July of 1862, Henry Wilson a Senator from Massachusetts who strongly opposed slavery had passed a bill that allowed the President to bring African-Americans into active service in the heart army and following the Emancipation Proclamation the President finally allowed the recruitwork forcet of colored regiments. By creating a position for African-Americans in the army the status of these men in northern society was increasingly under question. This reflects recognition of the fact that as slavery becam e the main issue of the war something had to be done in relation to the position of these men in northern society. However, the changes that occurred could not go unnoticed by the South or by Northern whites and put a final stamp on the sectional division. The institution of slavery and the increasing strain it brought between North and South made questions about the position of African-Americans in society increasingly prominent both amongst whites and blacks. Since they had been removed from their home environment and branded as slaves, a process beginning in 1619, the status of blacks had remained one of inferiority to white Americans. Although Lincoln originally argued that the Civil War was about keeping the Union together, a change would have to occur if the N... ...ntry, 1863-1865. capital of Massachusetts Boston Book Co., 1894.Fitzgerald, Michael. Splendid Failure Postwar Reconstruction in the American South. Chicago Ivan R. Dee, 2007.Glatthaar, Joseph. Forged in Battle Civ il War Alliance of swart Soldiers and White Officers. New York Free Press, 1990. Greenberg, Kenneth. Masters and Statesmen The Political Culture of American Slavery. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985. Hapgood and Adams, eds. Western Reserve Chronicle. May 20, 1863, image 2.Smith, John. Let Us All Be Grateful That We Have Colored Troops That Will Fight. In Black Soldiers in Blue African American Troops in the Civil War Era, edited by John Smith, 1-78. Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press, 2002. Williams, George. A History of the Negro Troops in the War of the Rebellion, 1861-1865. New York Harper & Brothers, 1888.

Mother Daughter Relationships - The Mother-daughter Relationship in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club :: Joy Luck Club Essays

Mother-Daughter Relationships in The Joy Luck Club In The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan explores mother-daughter relationships, and at a lower level, relationships between friends, lovers, and even enemies. The mother-daughter relationships are most likely different aspects of Tans relationship with her mother, and perhaps some parts are entirely figments of her imagination. In this book, she presents the conflicting views and the stories of both sides, providing the reader--and ultimately, the characters--with an understanding of the mentalities of both mother and daughter, and why each one is the way she is. The book is organized into four sections, both devoted to the mothers and two devoted to the daughters, with the exception of June. The first section, logically, is about the mothers childhoods in China, the period of time during which their personalities were molded, giving the reader a better sense of their true selves, since deepr in the book the daughters view their mothers in a different and unflattering light. Tan does this so the reader can see the stories behind both sides and so as non to judge either side unfairly. This section, titled Feathers From a Thousand Li Away, is aptly named, since it describes the heritage of the mothers in China, a legacy that they wished to bestow on their daughters, as the little story in the beginning signifies. For many years, the mothers did not tell their daughters their stories until they were sure that their wayward offspring would listen, and by then, it is almost too late to make them understand their heritage that their mothers left behind, long ago, when they left China. The second and third sections are about the daughters lives, and the vignettes in each section trace their record growth and development. Through the eyes of the daughters, we can also see the continuation of the mothers stories, how they learned to cope in America. In these sections, Amy Tan explores the difficulties in growing up as a Chi nese-American and the problems assimilating into modern society. The Chinese-American daughters try their best to become Americanized, at the same time casting off their heritage while their mothers run into on, dismayed. Social pressures to become like everyone else, and not to be different are what motivate the daughters to resent their nationality. This was a greater problem for Chinese-American daughters that grew up in the 50s, when it was not well accepted to be of an ethnic background.

The Theme of Power in Yellow Wallpaper and Bartleby -- The Yellow Wallp

The Theme of Power in Yellow Wallpaper and Bartleby Many texts written in the nineteenth century brace a very apparent theme of power. Authority can be seen very differently depending on the view of the imitation the audience is presented with. By aspect at different transcripts within the text the reader has more realistic exposure to the opponent of power in that text. This paper will prove that transcripts of differing views abide for different interpretations of the power struggle itself. Using James C. Scott this paper will examine the transcripts of both Charlotte Perkins Gilmans, The Yellow Wallpaper and Herman Melvilles Bartleby. These two texts are opposite in many ways, which make them fascinating to study through Scotts eyes, because together they extensively cover the four situations he focuses on. The first transcript which Scott discusses is that of the publics view. He describes that the public transcript is to put it crudely, the self-portrait of dominant elit es as they would have themselves seen(18). Since the narrator of Bartleby is a member of the dominant elite this text is a great example of how the public transcript is used to show resistance and power. Text written from this point of view, focus on trying to make the elite seem good, but, and noble. The narrator of this text did a wonderful job at doing just that. At one point while talking about Bartleby he told the audience Not only did thither seem to lurk in it a certain calm disdain, but his perverseness seemed ungrateful, considering the undeniable good usage and indulgence he had received from me(Melville 18). The narrator was basically saying, I was so good to Bartleby, how dare he not appreciate all my kindness. It is... ...isplay, how within texts there could be many different forms of resistance and views of authority, depending on the transcripts used to understand them. Each text read in this class, on the surface value, provides an entertaining story, however the same text through deeper drill are able to decode much more complex plots. On the surface Bartleby is just a very strange employee, and the narrator of Gilmans story is just an insane woman, but by digging further this paper was able to display much more intensity to them both. Works Cited Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper and some other Stories. Mineola, NY Dover Publications, Inc., 1997. Melville, Herman. Bartleby and Benito Cereno. 3rd ed. NY Dover Publications, Inc., 1990. Scott, James C. Domination and the Arts of Resistance Hidden Transcripts. New Haven Yale University Press, 1990.

Characteristics and Impacts of American Reconstruction Essay -- Americ

Characteristics and Impacts of American Reconstruction The key goals of Reconstruction were to readmit the South into the Union and to sterilise the status of freedmen in American society. The Reconstruction era was marked by political, non violent, conflict. Some historical myths are that the South was victimized by Reconstruction, and that the unlike ends of Reconstruction were corrupt and unjust. Actually, the plans were quite lenient, enforcing military rule for however a short period of time, ignoring land reform, and granting pardons easily. The task of Reconstruction was to re-integrate America into a hale nation, securing the rights of each man and establishing order once again. There were three major Reconstruction plans Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress each offered a strategy to unify the nation. Lincolns plan, in 1864, required ten percent of the voting population of each state who had voted in the 1860 election to take an oath of allegiance to the Unio n and take to the abolition of slavery. Then that ten percent could create a state government that would be loyal to the Union. Confederate officials, army and naval government agencyrs, and civil officers who had resigned from office were all required to apply for presidential pardons (Boyer, 443). Lincolns plan did not at all deal with freedmens civil rights, which is a decisive weakness. Under his ten percent rule, no freedmen could be part of a state government. Also, it did not address land reform, an economic weakness of Lincolns strategy. Finally, under Lincolns plan, no federal military occupation was required in Southern states. This left the freedmen at the mercy of the states for protection. Congress viewed this plan as far too lenient, and in 1864 passed the Wade-Davis accuse. This bill required the majority of voters in each Southern state to take an oath of loyalty only then could the state hold a convention to repeal secession and abolish slavery. Although Lincoln s plan may have been too lenient, this bill would have been far too harsh and delayed readmission to the Union for a very long time. Lincoln did not sign the bill into law, or pocket-vetoed the bill, and was currently assassinated. Therefore, he did not have a chance to implement his plan of Reconstruction, and his goal was not met. After Andrew Johnson assumed the presidency following Lincolns assassination in ... ...n did create black institutions in response to Reconstruction there was a cropping up of black churches, schools, and higher education establishments (Boyer 458). Reconstruction make the nation as a whole feel reunited, but it was viewed as a failure and waste immediately after its completion (Boyer, 471). It laid the invertebrate foot for the Civil Rights Movement by passing the 13, 14, and 15th amendments, even though they would not be implemented to protect minority rights for nearly a deoxycytidine monophosphate years. Reconstruction also established a policy of treating African-Americans as second-class citizens. The nation was taught that it was alright to treat blacks as inferior people because the government would not even guarantee them the right to vote in state elections. However, Reconstruction did pave the way for share-cropping and the factory system, which would lead to an economic boom as American expanded. Reconstruction threw America into upheaval, and by 1875 the North had tired of the various plans and politics, and longed to end Congresss plan (Boyer, 467). Boyer, Clark, et.al.Enduring Vision,Volume II From 1865. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston2000.

Methods for Maintaining Order in International Society Essay examples -

Methods for Maintaining Order in International SocietyWe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men be created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.The Declaration of independency of the United States at its outset declares the collective goals that we Americans share as a fraternity and the means by which these goals shall be defended. In the United States, we are interest in the well-being of individual Americans, and believe that everyone is equal and should have the right to Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. Moreover, governments are instituted at the federal1, state, and local level to defend these rights. Like American society, the international society of sovereign states has goals that it seeks to accentuate. According to He dley Bull, author of The Anarchical Society, there are four such primary goals. The first, Bull states, is to preserve the system and society of sovereign states itself (Bull 16). Secondary to this is preservation of the sovereignty of individual states, followed in importance by maintenance of peace as a normal state of personal business (17-18). Lastly, the society seeks goals that Bull claims are common goals of all social life limitation of violence resulting in death or bodily harm, the keeping of promises, and the stabilization of possession by rules of property (18-19). Like American society, the international society has common goals that its members seek to attain. But unlike the United States, the Westphalian system does not have... ...7. Claude, Inis L., jr. Collective Security as an Approach to Peace. Classical Readings of International Relations. Ed. Phil Williams, Donald M. Goldstein, and Jay M. Shafritz. Belmont CA Wadsworth, 1994. 210-220. The Declaration of Inde pendence. Philadelphia 1776. Kegley, Charles W., Jr. and Eugene R. Wittkopf. World Politics Trend and Transformation. 6th ed. New York St. Martins, 1996. Organski, A.F.K. Criticism of ratio of Power Theory. Classical Readings of International Relations. Ed. Phil Williams, Donald M. Goldstein, and Jay M. Shafritz. Belmont CA Wadsworth, 1994. 206-209. Pentland, Charles. International Organizations and Their Roles. Coursepack article. Fall Semester 1996 MC 220. Ed. Mohammed Ayoob. East Lansing Budget Printing, 1996. 96-99. Stern, Geoffrey. The Structure of International Relations. New York Pinter, 1995.

Methods for Maintaining Order in International Society Essay examples -

Methods for Maintaining Order in International SocietyWe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all workforce are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the concur of the governed.The Declaration of Independence of the get together States at its outset declares the collective goals that we Americans share as a society and the means by which these goals shall be exemplifyed. In the United States, we are interested in the well-being of individual Americans, and believe that everyone is equal and should have the right to Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. Moreover, governments are instituted at the federal1, state, and local level to defend these rights. Like American society, the international society of sovereign states has goals that it seeks to accentuate. According to Hedley Bull, author of The Anarchical Society, there are four such primary goals. The first, Bull states, is to asseverate the arranging and society of sovereign states itself (Bull 16). Secondary to this is preservation of the sovereignty of individual states, followed in importance by maintenance of peace as a public state of affairs (17-18). Lastly, the society seeks goals that Bull claims are common goals of all social life limitation of violence resulting in death or corporeal harm, the keeping of promises, and the stabilization of possession by rules of property (18-19). Like American society, the international society has common goals that its members seek to attain. But unlike the United States, the Westphalian system does not have... ...7. Claude, Inis L., Jr. Collective Security as an Approach to Peace. Classical Readings of International Relations. Ed. Phil Williams, Donald M. Goldstein, and Jay M. Shafritz. Belmont CA Wadsworth, 1994. 210-220. The Declar ation of Independence. Philadelphia 1776. Kegley, Charles W., Jr. and Eugene R. Wittkopf. World Politics Trend and Transformation. 6th ed. forward-looking York St. Martins, 1996. Organski, A.F.K. Criticism of Balance of Power Theory. Classical Readings of International Relations. Ed. Phil Williams, Donald M. Goldstein, and Jay M. Shafritz. Belmont CA Wadsworth, 1994. 206-209. Pentland, Charles. International Organizations and Their Roles. Coursepack article. Fall Semester 1996 MC 220. Ed. Mohammed Ayoob. East Lansing Budget Printing, 1996. 96-99. Stern, Geoffrey. The Structure of International Relations. New York Pinter, 1995.

Ford Motor Company Essay

carrefour take play along is the third largest railcar manufacturer in the world based on automobiles sold. crossbreeding manufactures and distributes automobiles in 200 merchandiseplaces across half dozen continents (Datamonitor 4). Fords brands include Ford, Jaguar, Lincoln, Mercury, Volvo, Land Rover, Aston Martin, and Mazda. Fords realize out products include passenger cars, trucks, busses and vans, sport utility vehicles, vehicle accessories, after-sales vehicle classifys and products and extended repair service products. According to Fortune Magazine in 2007 Ford was the seventh class-conscious American-based confederation listed on the fortune 500 list, which was based on Fords spherical revenues in 2006 of 160.1 zillion. The companys advantage comes from its ability to focus on guest satisfaction and loyalty, anticipating and meeting changing customer needs, and delivering innovative products that exceed quality standards and be price friendly and besides environmentally friendly.The financial stability of Ford and the long-term stability of our world argon met by Fords strategy to lead with its products. Several divulge strategies argon used by Ford that help to grow products that ar of postgraduate quality, affordable to consumers and that are in high shoot. These strategies include continuous avail of quality standards and customer satisfaction, adjusting to consumer demands by development state-of-the-art engineering science that is cleaner and more fuel efficient, and delivering customer-focused innovations faster. If these strategies are implemented correctly Ford can pound legion(predicate) or the driving forces that control competition in the automobile sedulousness.Driving ForcesDriving forces in an industry are the major causes that flip the industry and the competitive condition of that industry. The main driving forces that significantly alter the automobile industry include competition and globalization, new technology and innovations, changes in cost and efficiency, regulative influences and organisation policy changes, and changes in societal concerns, attitudes, and lifestyles.Globalization is when automobile manufacturers offer their products internationally. One tenability manufacturers do this is to add sales in faster ontogenesis markets. Also doing be can be cut due to ruggeder labor costs in markets around the world. Ford Motor Company is a strong believer in globalization it manufactures vehicles in six continents across the world. Ford focuses on three primary types of emerging markets. The first market is developing countries such as China, India, and Brazil.The economies of these markets are growing and so is the need for products like automobiles. Ford realizes the amount of money consumers base in these developing countries and adjusts products to prevail them accessible to these consumers. In 2006, production capacity in China increased to 200,000 units (For a More Sustainable Future 7.) Also in 2006 Ford ranked second for customer satisfaction in India by J.D. Power Asia Pacific.The second emerging market Ford is focusing on is revitalizing economies such as Russia that are experiencing periods of growth after long periods of economic stagnation.The third emerging market Ford focuses on is high-growth niche market across the U.S. and Europe. Ford has substantial and will continue to develop hybrid vehicles, advanced clean technology, and smaller more fuel-efficient vehicles that suit customers in a certain region or customers with diametric driving conditions.New technology and innovations is in like manner a major driving force in the automobile industry. The ongoing change in technology alters the dominion of competition by attracting more buyers. Innovations in production techniques allow manufacturers to produce products faster, more efficiently and cleaner. Ford focuses its innovation on design, technology, safety, and the env ironment. Fords innovations are based on customer demands. Today more customers want environmentally friendly automobiles and better fuel-efficient cars.Ford has and is also developing more advanced technologies that are environmentally friendly. Examples include biofueled vehicles, hydrogen internal-combustion engines and hydrogen fuel cellvehicles. Ford also has an innovative manufacturing process, which is cleaner for the environment and also saves money for the company. Ford uses fluids intermix from ve bug outable oil during engine production rather than using mineral oil. The associated waste in engine building is the most environmentally damaging part of the process. Ford also has improved its efficiency by enforcing strict energy intensive operations, such as the generation of compressed air for handheld tools on the production line.Changes in cost and efficiency also drive change in the automobile industry. In the past few years material costs, labor costs, employee benefi t costs and oil prices go for all been increasing. One way that Ford is combating high oil prices is its use of a soy-derived foam. The average vehicle make today contains 30 pounds of foam made from petroleum products. Ford is making an effort to replace 40% of the petroleum-based foam with a soy-based foam. To fight against decreasing profit, move labor costs and employee benefit costs Ford has been implementing elements of its Way Forward Plan. This plan was demonstrable in 2006. The plan calls for reducing the number of Fords atomic number 7 American manufacturing employees by 25,000-30,000 and also plans to idle 16 North American manufacturing facilities (For a More Sustainable Future 34.)Also in 2006 wellness care expenses for U.S. Ford employees, retirees and their dependents were $3.1 billion (For a More Sustainable Future 35.) Even though Ford values its past and present employees, the company cannot occur up with the rising prices of health care. In 2006 Ford had req uired retired employees to support a higher portion of their health care benefits, and active employees were asked to increase their health care contributions. Also in 2006 Ford employees were offered to leave the company. To make it appealing to employees Ford offered eight different incentive packages. A couple of these packages included archean retirement and an educational opportunity package where employees with at least one year of service were eligible for up to $15,000 in tuition reimbursement per year up to four years (For a More Sustainable Future 34.)Another driving force that alters the competitiveness in the automobile industry is regulatory influences and government policy changes. One example of a regulatory influence would be the governments Corporate Average FuelEconomy (CAF) requirement, which measures carbon dioxide emissions. Ford has met the requirement all(prenominal) year since the program was first introduced.Altering societal concerns, attitude, and lifest yles are major instigators of industry change. Growing consumer concerns towards environmental safety is a major driver of change in the automobile industry. Ford recognizes that manufacturing and operating automobiles have a significant impact on the environment. Ford has several(prenominal) initiatives to treasure the environment.The first initiative includes developing advanced environmentally friendly vehicles. Ford was the first U.S. auto manufacturer to offer a full hybrid vehicle, which was also the first hybrid from any automaker in the SUV segment. The second initiative for Ford is to meet and exceed new clean air standards established by the Environmental Protection Agency. Reducing the environmental impact of our environment is Fords third initiative to protect the environment.Ford also aims to recycle and reuse materials by contracting with suppliers to attain environmental friendly parts and components. An example is Fords Fumes-to-Fuel technology. A plants painting o perations are its largest source of air emissions. Ford has developed a process that uses paint fumes to generate electricity for its plant.The last initiative for Ford is conserving natural resources by taking part in global environmental programs to conserver energy and water. Fords developed a software program called WET that creates a facility-wide water balance to quantify singular uses of water and identify areas of opportunity. Safety is another concern that drives changes in automobile designs. Not only does Ford develop innovative safety technology the company also educates drivers. In 2003 Ford teamed up with the Highway Safety Association and a panel of safety experts to create a program called Driving Skills for Life. This program teaches teenagers develop the skills necessary for safe driving, beyond what they learn in standard driver education programs (For a More Sustainable Future 30.)Five Force analytic thinkingIntensity of Rivalry Among CompetitorsThe automobile industry is one of the most competitive industries in the world. The top competitors globally and domestically account for most of the industrys market assign. In the United States there are three top competitors known as the Detroit Three, formerly known as the Big Three. commonplace Motors Corp., Ford Motor Co., and the Chrysler Group are the three companies that makeup the Detroit Three. According to Wards elevator carmotive Reports in 2006 the Detroit Three brands accounted for 41.5% of passenger car sales in the United States of this 41.5% market share, General Motors controlled 20.8%, Ford 14.1% and the Chrysler Group 6.6%. The Detroit Three market share is slowly dwindling due to globalization, which is another reason that leads to stronger rivalry among competitors (Autos & Auto part Industry Survey 9.)In the United States, according to Wards Automotive Reports, the top three foreign competitors that are trying to take over the U.S. market include Toyota Motor Corp., Ho nda Motor Co. Ltd., and the Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. In 2006 Toyota, Honda, and Nissan accounted for 36.6% market share in the U.S. Individually Toyota controlled 18.7%, Honda 10.8% and Nissan 7.1% of the U.S. market share in the truck category the Detroit Three brands account for 67% of Truck Sales in the U.S. Toyota, Honda, and Nissan are the foreign companies trying to compete with the Detroit Three (Autos & Auto Parts Industry Survey 9.) Lack of product differentiation is another factor that adds to the intense rivalry between competitors. Automobile manufactures products include cars, trucks and SUVs.Even though there is a lack of product differentiation within the automobile industry there are many things that a manufacturer can do to alter design and production that make a product standout from its competitors. The innovation of technology and production causes intense rivalry between competitors because if automakers want to sell make the most profit they need to develop innova tive technology that is a step ahead of its competitors and meets the needs of consumers or they need to develop innovative production techniques that are moreefficient and cheaper compared to its competitors. Ford is known for its innovation throughout the years one example would be the moving assembly line. This manufacturing technique allowed individual workers to stay stationary and perform the same task repeatedly on multiple vehicles that passed them, this technique allowed Ford to be more efficient by producing many more vehicles than its competitors.Threat of New EntrantsAlthough the automobile industry has very strong rivalries among competitors the industry will not see many new entrants in the time to come. in that location are several reasons why there is a low threat of new entrants in the automobile industry. The automobile industry has reached economies of scale and to be no-hit in the industry new entrants must reach economies of scale. Manufacturers must mass-prod uce automobiles so that they are affordable to consumers. Another reason why there are very few new entrants in the automobile industry is the very high capital requirement. Manufacturing costs, research and development costs, start-up costs, and advertising and promotion costs are a few costs that require huge amounts of costs in order to be successful in the automobile industry.With rising oil prices, increase in employee benefit costs, higher healthcare costs and also rising steel prices the threat of new entrants will remain to stay very low in the automobile industry. The current situation of the Automobile industry and the U.S economy is another factor that will keep the threat of new entrants low. emergent be adrift prices, low consumer confidence and shrinking home values are all factors that are causing passs in automobile sales. Strong brand preferences and high degrees of customer loyalty is another reason there are few new entrants in the automobile industry. It is ha rd for a new manufacturer to attract customers that have brand preferences and are loyal customers, unless the manufacturer has a huge advertising and sales promotion budget or offer price discounts, these two things decrease profit margin.Threat of Substitute ProductsThe threat of substitute products is very weak in the automobile industry. Automobile transportation for people makes it easy and fast to get from place to place depending on the length of their trip. Walking, biking, and riding trains, planes or subways are all substitutes to automobiles. These substitutes depend on the location of the person. People that live and work in the city will probably either walk, bike, or take a subway to work in order to avoid traffic or to protect the environment. The threat of these substitutes will always be low because it is convenient to have a car and new innovations toward environmentally friendly automobiles.Bargaining Power of Suppliers and BuyersIn the automobile industry the ba rgain power of the supplier is weak. There are so many part manufactures in the industry to choose from it is easy for a company to switch from one to another giving supplier no leverage. The automobile part sector is so big that it is divided into four crease units original equipment manufacturers, replacement parts manufacturing, replacement parts distribution, and rubber fabricating. According to a press release by Ford, the company spends around $90 billion on parts from more than 2,500 suppliers. Compare to the bargaining power of suppliers the bargaining power of buyers is a lot higher.Automobile manufacturers make profit from the sales of its automobiles. This bureau that manufactures have to produce automobiles that meet consumer needs and standout from its competitors. This is why consumers have such a high bargaining power because if they do not like a certain automobile they can choose another automobile from a different manufacturer at a relatively low switching cost. Analyzing the bargaining power of supplier and buyers, identifying the threat of new entrants and substitute products, and also analyzing the intensity of rivalry among competitors will allow a company to assess the competitiveness of a certain industry.SWOT AnalysisFord is the worlds third largest automobile manufacturer, and their brands are sold domestically and internationally, which include Ford, Land Rover,Lincoln, Mazda, Mercury, and Volvo. In 2006 Ford received 30th place in the BusinessWeek-Interbrand ranking of the top 100 global brands in 2006. Another one of Fords biggest strengths is its industry leading innovative technology which is shown through product design, safety and production. Fords large illuminatework base is a strength to the company. Ford manufactures and distributes automobiles in 200 markets across six continents. Ford is also a very ethical company. For years, Ford has supported families in need. Ford encourages its employees to take two workdays per y ear to volunteer at an canonical nonprofit organization.Although Ford is very successful it does have weaknesses. One weakness would be the decline in its market share. According to DataMonitor, Fords overall market share in the US has declined from 21.1 % in 2002 to 17.1% in 2006. Competition, globalization, low consumer confidence, and high gas prices are all factors that contribute to Fords declining market share. Another weakness of Fords is its declining profitability. At the end of 2006 Ford recorded revenues of $160,123,000 million which was a 9.5 % decrease from 2005. The operating loss of the company during 2006 was $16,950,000 million compared to a operating loss of $1,550,000 million in 2005. This means Ford had a net loss of $12,613,000 million in 2006, compared to a net profit of $1,440,000 million in 2005 (Datamonitor 4.)The automobile industry is full of opportunities. High gas prices and environmental issues have caused manufacturers to develop innovative technolog y. Ford is developing several technologies that are environmentally friendly and fuel-efficient. These vehicles include biofueled vehicles, hydrogen internal-combustion engines and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Global demand is also an opportunity for Ford. Ford has developed strategies to bring its product to emerging markets like India, China and Brazil. The economies of these markets are continuing to grow along with its demand for automobiles.A major threat to Ford is its competition, which includes General Motors, the Chrysler group, Toyota, and Honda. Rising costs are also a major threat to Ford. Rising labor and employee benefit costs have forced Ford to reduce its workforce and to close some of its vehicle assembly plants. The U.S. economy is also a threat to Ford. Consumer confidence is down due to rising oil prices and declining home values. The future of Ford and the automobile industry will continue to be worse in the near future if these threats continue.With rising cost s and increased competition the U.S automobile industry does not look good. Industry sales are expected to decline in the future due to low consumer confidence, rising interest rates, and high gas prices. SUV and truck sales will decline the most due to the rising gas prices. There will be a higher demand for smaller cars that are fuel-efficient. The Detroit Three along with other U.S. manufacturers will increasingly focus its operations internationally to markets in Eastern-Europe, Latin America and the Asia-Pacific where production costs are cheaper. Environmental friendly technology and manufacturing will also continue to rise because of the growing consumer interest in protecting our world.Works CitedAutos & Auto Parts Industry Survey. Standard & Poors June 2007 2818 April. 2008. For a More Sustainable Future. Ford Motor Company June 2007. 19 April. 2008Ford Motor Company. Datamonitor Business Information Center Nov 2007.Campbell University Electronic Library., Buies Creek, NC. 18 April. 2008Ford Motor Company. 2008. Ford Motor Company. 18 April 2008Ford.com/.Gamble, John E., Strickland, A.J. III and Thompson, Arthur A. Jr. Crafting and Executing Strategy. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2007.The North America Automotive Sectors. Mergent Oct 2007. Campbell UniversityElectronic Library., Buies Creek, NC. 18 April. 2008

Homosexuality in the Military during World War II

Military has a long news report with the allegations of homo versedity. They both have always made strange bed workfellows. The leadership of armed forces all everyplace the gentlemans gentleman, usually traditionalists, has in general suss outn homo informals as morally wrong, and a threat to solidity. At the start of a war the enormous task of mobilizing thousands of soldiers surpassed concerns about the sexual behavior of troops.But in the case of prolonged war those armed services manpower who are found in disgraceful conducts such as queerness ferment a problems for the senior military leadership and they become increasingly determined to rid the services of these types of military men. Paul Jacksons agree sensation of the Boys Homosexuality in the Military during human being state of war II has discussed this problem in very excellent literary style. In 1990, Allan Berube in his study approach shot out under Fire The History of Gay Men and Women in instauration state of war Two discussed experiences of gays and lesbians in the military of the United States during the human being War II.(Berube 1990, 1-22) The reading of Berubes book had a great excitement and compelled me to read Paul Jacksons book on the foundation War II experiences of surprising Canadian servicemen (and women). Jacksons book One of the Boys is a deeply researched study of homoeroticism in the Canadian military during the years of the valet de chambre War II. The book contains the result of hours of pouring over court- hawkish transcripts, law of nature reports, psychiatric assessments, and dozens of interviews.One of the Boys is one of the deeply research researched peaces of writings on the issue as the writings about any feature of gay and lesbian history from the pre-Stonewall period (or to use the Canadian equivalent, before Trudeaus Omnibus bill) requires widespread investigative literary work. No doubt it was not an easy task to discuss the coded disguisi ng of homosexuality and Jackson has done a wonderful job while deciphering the coded phrases that were use to disguise homosexuality.In the hypermasculine, heteronormative world of the Armed Forces, Jackson has exposed a rich tapestry of homosexual experiences, and thus has made a considerable contribution both to queer history and to the societal history of the World War II. In One of the Boys, Jackson seems very careful in choosing words. He avoided using the term gay, which was seldom used in its modern sense during the World War II. He used those terms that were familiar at the time of World War II such as homosexual, queer, fairy or fruit.It seems that Jackson intentionally addressed the subject of homosexuality that he broadly defined to be the ability to derive sexual pleasure from members of ones own sex (Jackson 148). By this way in fact Jackson refused to narrowly limit homosexuality to those who self-identified as such, or to exclude those who engage in homosexual sex f or bodily pleasure, rather than emotional love. Jackson has not included in the book the controversial debates over whether homosexuality is congenital or learned behavior.For the reasons of this work, he casts a wide net to cover the very diverse personifications of homosexuality in the Canadian military during Second World War. To be sure, as Jackson points out, military psychiatrists often decided that a person was not a homosexual, despite overwhelming proof that the person had engage in same-sex sexual activities, and often regardless of the claims of the man himself that he was homosexual (Jackson 145).While the analysis in One of the Boys of the queer experience of World War II is inspiring, on that point are a few areas in which Jacksons work might have been stronger. Unlike Allan Berubes work, Jackson has a very baseborn portion in his book about female homosexuality. However, he seems justified in this omission partly on methodological grounds, since the Canadian milit ary did not target women for courts martial or psychiatric evaluation on this basis. Given that these are Jacksons main primary sources, one can see how this could pose a major challenge.In terms of oral history, he asserts that lesbians could not be found to be interviewed because the Canadian Legion Magazine would not permit the word sexuality in his advertisements, and that as a gay man he found it difficult to find lesbians to interview (Jackson 22). However, it can be state that this is a rather unsatisfying basis for not including lesbians in the book. Certainly, it might have been better to simply argue that the experience of homosexual women in the World War II is likely to have been qualitatively different from that of men, and consequently out of the range of the book.Jackson included the occasional reference to the experiences of lesbians in the Wrens. It can be little disappointment for those hoping Jacksons book will provide the comprehensive examination of lesbianism in World War II called for in pity Roach Piersons Theyre Still Women subsequently All. (Pierson 1986, 219) Although the works of Berube and Jackson are good analyses of the subject, but they differ on many occasion.As the Canadian experience of the World War II was clearly different from that of the United States, and Jackson clearly indicates wherefore and how his methodology is different from that of Berube, it is likely that many readers of Jacksons book will be well known with that of Berube. In some respects, the differences and similarities between the two countries are well addressed. For instance, the Canadian regimental system, organized by region, is different against the US blood brother system that in views of Berube provided cover for homosexual relationships, and certainly fostered them.On the other hand, Jackson also is of the view that contrary to the American experience found by Berube and posterior dEmilio, discharges for homosexuality did not lead to postwar gay activism among Canadian old boys. (dEmilio 1983, 1-7) However, it would have been useful to test some of the other conclusions of the American experience. For example, to what fare did Canadian veterans who had homosexual experiences during the World War II stay in urban centers where queer networks survived after demobilization?How did the fight between psychiatrists and military police for authority over the issue of homosexuality play out and what were the larger tints of this for the psychiatric profession? Berube seems arguing in his book that US psychiatrists went far towards background signal up their professional credentials during the World War II it would be attractive to know if the same held true for their Canadian counterparts and the degree to which identifying homosexuality was all important(predicate) for this.Jacksons book reads almost as if it is two books merged together one a policy analysis, the other a social history. The send-off terce chapters of On e of the Boys deal with how the different sections of the Canadian military tried to regulate homosexuality. Chapter I looks at the quite confused efforts of the military to describe its policy on homosexuality. Chapter II looks at the court martial proceedings of those accused with homosexuality-related legal offences, while Chapter III discusses how military psychiatrists attempted to declare their authority over homosexuality as a medical issue.The latter two chapters are oriented around a systematic reading of their respective primary sources court martial transcripts and psychiatric evaluations. Jackson methodically attracts the attentions of his readers and takes them through the various phases of the court martial and psychiatric assessment processes, providing detailed and personalized accounts of how these two sections of the military dealt with the issue of homosexuality, the first as a moral and legal issue, and the second is trying to make it a medical issue.Jacksons arg uments in his book make it clear that there was a serious unwillingness on the part of authorities to discharge homosexuals from military service. Courts martial were used primarily to discourage homosexual activity, but rarely led to the discharge of noncommissioned servicemen. More commonly, the soldiers would be sentenced to serve time in a custody, after which they would be allowed to return to service. Officers were more likely to be discharged if guilty was established, but were conversely much less likely to be convicted.Jacksons book suggests that the reason here matches the reason as to why psychiatrists were so unwilling, more so than the courts martial, to state that a man was homosexual. The medical model of homosexuality constructed a homosexual as an antisocial individual, a vantage point reflected in the moral standards of the court martial officers. Yet it was hard to settle this conception with the productive, healthy men who stood under examination so, many were r eleased, especially when they had fellow officers and servicemen keen to vow for their good character innocence.The first chapter of One of the Boys discusses in details this contrast between official military policy denouncing homosexuality on the one hand and the routine leniency towards homosexual behavior on the other. This attitude of military examines the various facets of the militarys policy on homosexuality as crafted by the medical services, the National Film Board, the military police, and the RCAF. Generally the first chapter presents a rather random and inconsistent approach to homosexual behavior in the Canadian military ruthless investigations on the one hand, routine denials on the other.The chapter highlights amusingly in Jacksons satirical Routine Order on homosexuality, in which he describes the de facto military policy on homosexuality, in the absence of an official one. Boiled down to essentials, the de facto policy was to ignore or reject homosexual behavior un less the performer was differently a misfit or a behavioral problem. Any punishment should be light for men in combat units, and heavy for noncombatants, unless they were well liked.Again and again, Jackson discovers that the Canadian military attempted to ignore homosexuality unless individuals were otherwise problematic or were flaunting their sexuality. This silent policy followed from 1940s beginnings of sexuality all military men were mantic to be male, masculine, and heterosexual, and in the absence of overwhelming proof to the contrary, would be treated as such. In the second half of One of the Boys, Jackson focuses on the social history of homosexuality in the military during the World War II.Chapters IV and V look at the experiences of queer servicemen in Canada and overseas, and chapter VI looks at the impact of homosexuality on esprit de corps, unity, and confidence. The chapters of the second half of the book rely a lot on oral histories and war diaries in addition to the sources used for the antecedent chapters, and paint bright pictures of the wartime experience for queer servicemen. Certainly, these sections bring to mind Desmond Mortons excellent work on the experience of Canadian soldiers in the World War I.(Morton 1993, 7-15) In conclusion it can be said that an inspiring amount of research has gone into Jacksons book, and it would be a remiss if one ignored to mention the visual component of One of the Boys. The book presents an impressive array of war art, including many works by gay war artists that demonstrate aspects of homosexuality and the homosocial bonds that formed during the war. Many of these pieces illustrate homoeroticism and same-sex emotional bonds in the armed forces more clearly than a chapter of text can.Combined with images from drag shows, stills from NFB films, and photos of young military men together, these pictures add a rich visual element to the text. Jackson should be praised also for his use of frank, open lang uage in unfolding cases of homosexuality during the World War II. Not only does this reflect the actual language used in the records he found, but it is appropriate to the sexually charged material he is dealing with. The book tells the story with frankness and humor. Works Cited Berube, Allan. , Coming out under Fire The History of Gay Men and Women in World War Two (New York MacMillan, 1990).dEmilio, John. , Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States, 1940-1970 (Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1983). Jackson, Paul. , One of the Boys Homosexuality in the Military during World War II McGill-Queens Univ. Press 2004. Morton, Desmond. , When Your Numbers Up The Canadian Soldier in the First World War (Toronto Random House, 1993). Pierson, Ruth Roach. , Theyre Still Women After All The Second World War and Canadian Womanhood (Toronto McClelland and Stewart, 1986), p. 219.

Research Sources Essay

1. Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment Moving Beyond the Nature/nurture Debate In the middle of the twentieth century, staggering steps were made in decreasing disease and upgrading the soundness of individuals and peoples. General prosperity measures, sanitation, improved cleanliness, and antibodies incited genuine diminished in mortality rate and dreariness. Extended insightfulness with respect to the dangers of the workplace realized decreased injuries and better prosperity for experts. Advances in bio remedial examination had any kind of effect let learning of affliction and nudged the change of bracing clinical and pharmaceutical meds. More starting later(a), the sequencing of the humankind genome has given information that holds the surety for further upgrading human prosperity.During the condemnation a broad accumulation of proof has created screening that social and behavioral components, for instance, monetary status, smoking, eating schedule, and alcohol us age are key determinants of prosperity. Late studies in like manner prescribe that breaking down joint efforts among innate and social-regular components could fundamentally enhance perception of prosperity and illness. In a study showing how the social environment can affect natural response, found that the money related status of gatherings is associated with mixtures in central tactile framework serotonergic responsivity, which may harbour recommendations for the power of mental issue and practices, for instance, misery, incautious ill will, and suicide.While examine on the impact of coordinated efforts can encourage the cognizance of ailment baffle and support in the change of effective pharmaceuticals to upgrade the quality of individuals and masses, there is an absence of investigation that encompasses each one of the three regions. Much stays to be got some answers concerning how these variables work together to impact prosperity, including the nigh vital thought of port raying association and how it can be depicted. Since more conspicuous etiological perception is relied upon to perceive proximo clinical research and make convincing meds went for improving prosperity comes about, the board fixated its attempts on etiological examination.1. Regulation of Gene Editing action Directed by Single-Stranded Oligonucleotides and CRISPR/Cas9 Systems. The reengineering of mammalian genomes is a capable hereditary way to deal with both comprehension qualitycapacity and growing new treatments for acquired maladies. While the conventional endpoint for hereditary building has been to disturb or debilitate a quality through complete knockout, it is presently conceivable to transmit single nucleotide trade in a viable and proficient way. Quality or genome altering can be catalyzed by a increase of atomic apparatuses that when utilized in different mixes precisely change the arrangement of the DNA in a site-particular style.Single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides (ssODNs) have been utilized for a long time to build nucleotide changes in the genomes of numerous living beings. Also, while the instrument of activity furthermore, the administrative hardware are being explained, in any event partially, the low effectiveness with which single-stranded oligonucleotides work in segregation has since a long time ago hampered their advancement for helpful application. As a quest for adjuvants that can improve the recurrence of singlestranded ODNdirected quality altering has continued, it was resolved that the twofold stranded DNA breaks actuated preceding the monstrance of the single-stranded ODN raised the general action of quality altering. 1. Engineered DNA-Binding Proteins for Targeted Genome Editing and Gene Regulation http//nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3HUL.InstRepos11156806The engineereed DNA-tying proteins empower focused on control of the genome. zinc fingers are the most all around portrayed DNA-tying space and for a long time examination has concen trated on understanding and controlling the succession specificities of these proteins. as of late significant advances in the capacity to architect zinc finger proteins and also the revelation of another class of dna-tying spaces interpretation activator like effectors have made it conceivable to quickly and dependably design proteins focused to any grouping of hobby.The capacity to explicitly alter the genome has incredible potential for examination and restorative applications. the homology coordinated habitue in a mixed bag of cell sorts and creatures this strategy has never been utilized to right an illness bringing about transformation in human affected pluripotent undeveloped cells. the human b troll locus to remedy the sickle cell sickliness transformation.Every one of us acquire a gravid group of more subtle destructive changes. Maybe you are more inclined to experience the ill effects of coronary illness, certain tumors, dementia or emotional sicknesses, or to lose your sight or go hard of hearing in seniority. Whats more, your youngsters and your kids and every one of their relatives will acquire a large number of these transformations, alongside the new ones created as natures irregular slips proceed.When you see how these changes come to fruition, the case for assuming responsibility of our hereditary intend appears to be unanswerable. We are getting the capacity to free ourselves from the things of 4 billion years of thoughtless development.Germ-line hereditary designing obviously has threats, not slightest its capability to be utilized for the wrong purposes or the potential for its expense to limit its points of interest to the affluent. In any case, numerous stresses are overstated we couldnt design Einsteins in the event that we needed to, for occasion, on the grounds that we havent discovered any quality variations that have a remarkable effect to knowledge, regardless of a good deal attempting.What we could do is end a gigantic measure of affliction. Whats more, in the event that it is accessible to everybody, not simply the rich, hereditary building could even help make the world a much more pleasant spot.1. Chinese researchers alter embryo DNA Do results cross ethical tripwires? Christian intelligence Monitor. 4/24/2015, pN.PAG. 0p.humankind is confronted with the crucial inquiry of whether people ought to have this level of control over their own particular physical fates, says Alta Charo, an educator of law and bioethics at the College of Wisconsin at Madison. Were hitting the point where individuals are asking Would we truly like to have the force not quite recently to lead among the decisions given to use by nature, however to make totally new decisions wecould call our own detail?The moral concerns encompassing hereditary control of unassailable cells are weighty to the point that numerous researchers and bioethicists are asking associates to start substantive discussions with partners, biotech-industr y pioneers, controllers, vested parties, and people in general to make sense of what clinical uses, if any, future worthy. Others, incorporating some in the biotech business, contend for a ban on any germ-line exploration including human regenerative cells.One measure of the moral minefield into which the Chinese group walked 2 of the most high-perceivability science diaries, Science and Nature, declined to distribute the outcomes on moral grounds, the ventures lead researcher, Junjui Huang, disclosed to correspondents from Natures news division.A tidy portion of the starting concerns in established researchers include wellbeing and adequacy for a device they see as having possibly capable restorative applications. The Chinese group shares this worry and refers to its own outcomes as confirmation that CRISPR-Cas9 is no place close prepared for the center.

Can Everyone Benefits from Higher Education?

Can Everyone Bene total from Higher Education? Higher pedagogy refers to the level of learning that takes place at universities, colleges or degree-awarding institutions, which a person open fire attend after he or she completes high school or secondary school upbringing. Higher training provides students with further knowledge on specific argonas and awards the students with academic degrees or certificates. In the past, higher(prenominal) information was not seen as a must as nowadays be trend a competition in job market was not as high as at the present time.In formers times, higher education was popular in near societies, mainly western culture, and not so famous in other parts of the world, Thailand and Asian countries for example. Since the world is becoming more globalized, there are so many businesses appeared and all of them require capable employees who can make tasks run smoothly. Business owners hire people who have special knowledge that fit their businesses. Ther efore, higher education has become popular and necessary throughout the world.In additional, everyone can gain the benefit from further education. People can benefit from higher education in various ways for instance, there are specific area of knowledge, practical skills, interpersonal skills, new colleagues and society. In terms of career, these qualities can lead to the discover job, higher salaries, larger societies, and more development and advancement in skills, knowledge and performance, especially when compared with people who graduate from high school.In addition, higher education is a describe that helps people avoiding unemployment during the time of economic recession when a number of jobs is limit. However, there are some people who do not attend higher education and the primer coats are different, depend on personal circumstances. For example, they king not see an importance of going to university or college because they already have special skills that are requir e in the job market e. g. sport players, artists, singers, stars.Some people might have less opportunity to study than others e. g. money problems or physical disabilities. In some cases, social inequality and intelligence can also be barriers to higher education. For instance, people who are clever but their families are in poverty might not have the opportunity to study because higher education is frequently considered to be expensive. In order to resolve the tuition fee problem, government should live by give scholarships for students who have a good grade or the reasonable conditions.Nevertheless, there are also alternatives to higher education that could be the reason for not attending universities or colleges. Some organizations provide on-the-job trainings to their employee in order to increase work skills, which can be a major cause of ignoring higher education. Some people need some specific professional skills for their job, so they decide to attend vocational trainings o r short-term career readiness programs instead.There are also some groups of people who believe in the value of self-study so they do not see the necessity of going to universities or colleges. They can learn by themselves through various ways such as reading books, discussing with people or experiencing real situations. In summary, everyone can benefit from higher education at least they gain more knowledge and skills. The more people are educated, the more the world became more developed and advanced. Thus, higher education is waiting for everyone. Nobody is too old to learn.

Music of the Baroque

harmony of the Baroque BY Pagan Unit 3 Music of the Baroque 1 . Name two important visual artists (such as painters) and also two important writers of literature (such as poets) from the Baroque Period. Do non name musicians. (Visual Artists) Peter Paul Rueben & Artemisia Gentiles / (Writers)- John Fletcher and Francis Beaumont 2. Write a split about The Baroque Style. The fancy style was very well fit to the wishes of the aristocracy, who were enormously rich and powerful during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, also religious institutions powerfully shaped the baroque style.Churches used the emotional and theatrical qualities of art to maintain worship more attractive and appealing. The middle class too, influenced the development of the baroque style, for example prosperous merchants and doctors commissioned realistic landscapes and scenes from everyday life. 3. Write a paragraph that includes the characteristics of Baroque music. A. Unity of mood Usually expresse s one basic mood what begins joyfully will remain Joyful throughout. Emotional states like Joy, grief, and agitation were represented.Composers shape a musical language to depict the affections pacific rhythms or melodic patterns were associated with specific moods. B. Rhythm Rhythmic patterns heard at the beginning of a switch be repeated throughout it. This rhythmic continuity provides a compelling drive and energy-the forward motion is rarely interrupted. The beat, for example, is emphasized far more in baroque music than in most Renaissance music. C. Melody There is a continuous expanding, unfolding, and unwinding of melody.This sense of directed motion is frequently the result of a melodic sequence, that is, successive repetition of a musical dead at higher or lower pitches. Many baroque melodies sound elaborate and ornamental, and they are not easy to sing or remember. It gives an impression of dynamic expansion rather than of balance or symmetry. D. Dynamics The level o f volume tends to stay sensibly constant for a stretch of time. When the dynamics do shift, the shift is sudden, like physically stepping from one level to another. The main keyboard instruments of the baroque period were the organ and harpsichord, two well suited for continuity of dynamics.E. Texture It is predominantly polyphonic in suture. Usually, the soprano and basso lines are the most important. Not all-late baroque music was polyphonic, a piece might shift in texture, especially in vocal music music, where variety shows of mood in the words demand musical contrast. F. Chords and the basso continuo Chords gave refreshful prominence to the bass cave in, which served as the compriseation of the harmony. The whole musical structure rested on the bass part. The new emphasis on chords and the bass part resulted in the most characteristic feature of baroque music, an accompaniment called the basso continuo.The basso continuo offered the advantage of emphasizing the all-imp ortant bass part, besides providing a steady flow of chords. G. Use of words in the music Baroque composers used music to depict the meaning of specific words. Rising scales represented upwardly motion descending scales depicted the reverse. Descending chromatic scales were associated with pain and grief. Composers a lot emphasized words by writing many rapid notes for a single(a) syllable of text this technique also displayed a singers virtuosity. 4. What was the role of music in Baroque society?It served as musical expression for brilliant composers, a extension of entertainment for aristocrats, a way of life for musicians and a temporary escape from the routines of daily life for the general public. 5. What was the goal of the group known as the tv camera? The Camera wanted to create a new vocal style modeled on the music of ancient Greek tragedy. Since no actual salient music had come down to them from the Greeks, they based their theories on literacy accounts that had sur vived. The Camera wanted the vocal line to follow the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of beech. 6.Write a detailed description of each of the following new forms in Baroque music A. Concerto gross Extended write up for instrumental soloists and orchestra, usually in three movements (1) Fast, (2) Slow, (3) Fast. B. Fugue Polyphonic composition based on one main theme or subject. C. Opera Drama that is sung to orchestral accompaniment, usually a large-scale composition employing vocal soloists, chorus, orchestra, costumes, and society. D. Solo concerto A piece for a single soloist and an orchestra. E. Baroque suite A group of dance, usually in the name key, with each piece in the binary form or the ternary form.F. Oratorio Large- scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra, usually set to a narrative text, but without acting, scenery, or costumes often based on biblical stories. G. Sonata In baroque music, an instrumental composition in several movements for one to eight players. In music after the baroque period, an instrumental composition usually in several movements for one or two players. H. Church cantata Composition in several movements, usually pen for chorus, one or more vocal soloists and orchestra.The church cantata for the Lutheran service in Germany during the Baroque period often includes chorales. 7. Write a perfect(a) definition for each of the following terms A. Movement Piece that sounds fairly complete and independent but is part of a larger composition. B. Libretto Text of an opera house written by the librettist (dramatists) and set to music by the composer. C. Aria -Song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment, usually expressing an emotional state through its outpouring of melody found in operas, oratorios, and cantatas. D.Recitative Vocal lines in an opera, oratorio, or cantata hat imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech often serving to lead into an aria. E. Overture (in opera) -Short musi cal composition, purely orchestral, which opens an opera and sets the overall dramatic mood. Orchestral introductions to later acts of an opera are called preludes. F. Chorus (in opera) A body of singers who sing the choral parts off work. G. Ground bass Variation form in which a musical idea in the bass is repeated over and over while the melodies above it constantly change common in baroque music. H. Chorale Hymn tune sung too religious text.

St. Augustine Confessions

St. Augustines Confessions St. Augustine roll in the hayd during a period in which the Roman Empire was in deep decline and Christianity was taking fore as the official religion. It was a snip of great political stress and widespread religious concern. The Confessions reveals much about his formative years, when he strove to overcome his sensual desires, visualize faith, and pull in religious and philosophical doctrines. Augustine treats this narration as much more than an opportunity to narrate his life, however, and at that place is hardly an event mentioned in his autobiography that does not have an accompanying religious or philosophical clarification.St. Augustines confessions also provide one with a critical aspect of the Christian Bible. Augustines confessions form a work that corresponds closely to its content and achieves what it set out to achieve, which is redemption from sins for Augustine and a divine revelation for the readers. His writing is basic severally(pre nominal)y an idea of the return of base to paragon its aim is to inspire others to actively seek this return and to believe in the creation of immortal. The relationship St. Augustine has with discern and God is undeniably irrevocable collectable to the fact that he cannot distinguish love and God with out one another.Augustine often experiences darkness, blindness, and confusedness while attempting to find truth in God, but he knows that when he eventually finds him his confused perfume will be redeemed. Augustine started out in childhood with a state of confusion because he had to live in two different worlds. These two worlds consisted of that of his nonpluss (Monica) religious faith and teachings, and the sleep of the outside world. The two worlds confused Augustine as a child because his mother praised Christ and Christianity and about the almighty God who helps humans to go to heaven.In the outside world, it was completely nonreligious. The talk was about striving to a chieve. In Carthage, while success completey pursuing his studies, he abandoned his Christian moral teachings of his early years and took in a mistress, with whom he lived with for 10 years. Augustines relation to his mistress focuses in the beginning on the problem of restless love, while showing that Augustine had the desire to love and wanted to be loved. Many young men stayed with a woman until the time came to marry them back then. This is what Augustine performed. He states that, In those days I lived with a oman, not my lawful wedded wife but a mistress whom I had chosen for no special reason but that my restless passions had alighted on her. But she was the only one and I was faithful to her (Confessions, IV). This is just one of the numerous aspects in his life that he considered sinful. Later in his writings, when Augustine talks about his conversation to Neo-Platonism (all actions are considered good or evil) and then Christianity that he classifies his previous demean our as sinful and regrets many of his previous actions. By the time he converted, he viewed every act in which he put himself in advance of God as sinful.One sin that he mourns greatly and faults himself for is allowing him to be sexually free and having various partners. Although Augustine was regretful for his sin, he also mentions that it was the hardest sin to ordinate up when he was trying to determine if he wanted to convert to Christianity completely. Augustine also attempts to provide another explanation for his previous actions by speculating that his actions were a resolution of his love for God being somehow misleading To him I was led by thee without my knowledge, that by him I might be led to thee in full knowledge (Confessions, XIII).One of the biggest struggles that Augustine faced was his belief in God and how God exists. His concern was how we can seek God without really knowing what he is or what were exactly looking for. Within me I had a dearth of that inner f ood which thyself, my Godalthough that dearth caused me no hunger (Confessions, I). He eer questions the existence of God and his belief in Him. Asking God to come into me, Augustine again questions what that phrase could really mean when expressed to God.Later on in the writing, Augustine came across a book, in which he referred to as books of eloquence (Confessions, IV), called Hortensius by Cicero. He admired this book very much and its philosophical ways which he proclaims it changed my whole attitude and turned my prayers toward thee, O Lord, and gave me new hope and new desires (Confessions, IV). The reading caused him to reach toward God, even though he had only learned of God seriously through Monica, his mother whom was of Christian faith. It helped him to develop a different outlook on God and take life more seriously.Furthermore, the death of Augustines friend made him realize that all love should be rooted in God. His friend became very ill with a fever and eventually p assed away. Augustine mat up extreme grief and sorrow for his friends death. He believes that the main cause of his misery lies in the fact that he loves his friend with the type of love that should have been reserved for God alone. Therefore, he felt that all human love is going to fade unless this love is grounded in the eternal God who never changes and will always remain.While love exists between two souls with whom we want to be with, this type of love will always have a radix from God. Throughout the Confessions, love and wisdom, his desire to love and be loved, are all driving forces for Augustines desire to find peace in God. Augustine often experiences darkness, blindness, and confusion while attempting to find peace in God and peace within himself, but he knows that when he eventually finds him his restless heart will be saved. Augustine felt that love might help him have a solid purpose in life and would guide him through his time of conversion.Love is a natural feeling for human race and becomes a necessity for all people. For Augustine, the first love has to be for the love of God. It must come before all others. He states that the thought of you stirs him so deeply that he cannot be content unless he praises you, because you made us for yourself and our hearts find no peace until they rest in you (Confessions, I). Holding God as loves priority, it helped Augustine to shape his life, his mind and his beliefs.He never realized what a big difference it makes in ones life when it is opened up to love and to love Christ. For Augustine, the answer to his questions and confusion lies in Gods grace. These answers are to the most challenging questions on life and faith. Throughout his writing, there was no time where he had been without love, but he had loved in pieces, hidden, and conflicting ways. He had loved his mother, Monica, from the beginning. He had also loved the name and image of Christ, but was in state of confusion many times therefore dou bting his faith and beliefs.Through the Confessions, Augustine leaves himself and his early(prenominal) to praising God and loving him because he felt guilty with himself and his importance of God in his life. He found a place in God that he never imagined could happen. His guilty mind and heart finally found rest in God. Love also played a significant fictional character during his conversion. It helped guide him towards God and Christ in a positive way that influenced the rest of his life. All these various themes of love helped and guided Augustine through his conversion.This formation was the breakthrough of a new self and the discovery of the new world he sees now through his conversion. The conversion taught him truth and to believe in God. His desire to understand wisdom, which was through the readings by Cicero, brought about a new view for Christ. Though he converted, Augustines full connection with the love of Christ was still and incomplete for him. His mind was not s atisfied with any one direction. The most critical and influential form of love that Augustine had was love for God and the love for Christ.It was closely as if he was exposed to a new realm and he opened up his life up to God more and more each day by praising him, telling God how much he loves him now. Augustine states, then, O Lord, you laid your most gentle, most merciful finger on my heart and set my thoughts in order, for I began to realize that I believed countless things which I had never seen or which I had taken place when I was not there to see (Confessions, VI). The Confessions tells a story in the form of a long conversion with God. Through this conversion to Catholic Christianity, Augustine encounters many aspects of love.These forms of love guide him towards an ultimate relationship with God. His restless heart finally finds peace and rest in God after the conversion. Augustine finds many ways in which he can find peace in God. He is genuinely sorry for having turned away from God, the one source of peace and happiness. Augustine is extremely thankful for having been given the opportunity to live with God. Augustine uses love as his gate to Gods grace. All in all, the Confessions can be read as Augustines way of redemption from his sins and his revelation of love to God and Christ.Augustines transition from a sinner to a faithful Christian was also evidence to Gods greatness. Even though Augustine committed unacceptable sins, it was a good thing for him in that he found the strength to believe and love God. This is because of what he has obtained from analyzing texts, such as Ciceros writings, and Christian philosophy and the fact that he can truly understand the root causes of his sins that he committed instead of simply implying them based on what a book says.

Driving Homework

Laws Street racing is an dirty activity be bring on it is grievous and can cause motor fomite collisions, injuries, and even fatalities of drivers. Street racing is a form of motor racing occurring on public roads, and can either be very well co-ordinated and planned by drivers in order to avoid authorities or a spontaneous decision. Drivers who decided to street race be putting not only themselves, put also other drivers, as well as pedestrians, in danger.This danger has been demonstrated many times in Canada, and has led to the intro of laws to protect our citizens. For example, in 2006, two men were racing in a Toronto public street, hitting speeds of up to 140 kilometers per hour in an area with a speed limit of 50 kilometers per hour. The two drivers, while racing, struck and killed a taxi cab driver. For this reason, Ontario has laws to protect everyone from the dangers of street racing. Drivers who are involved in street racing face multiple actions from the government .Firstly, if a street racer is arrested on reasonable grounds, they face an immediate sevensome day license suspensions, and the drivers vehicle is impounded for seven days. If the driver is convicted in court, they can face multiple penalties. Firstly, the driver faces fines between $2,000 and $10,000, gains 6 demerit points, gets a license suspension of up to two years, and faces a maximum of 6 months in Jail. The driver may also receive a driver license suspension of up to 10 years if the driver is convicted for a second time within 10 years.The use of connected nitrous oxide systems, which enhances acceleration capacities of vehicles, while unprompted on a highway is also prohibited. Overall, street racing is extremely dicey. The risk of a serious injury is almost five times greater for vehicles crashing at 50 kilometers per hour or more above the posted speed limit on a highway of 100 kilometers per hour. The risk is even greater on roads with write down speed limits. These laws imposed by the government help greatly to keep our roads safe for everyone. 2.Impaired Driving Impaired driving means driving is a dangerous act characterized by a drivers abilities being compromised by alcohol or drugs. Even one drink can reduce ones ability to subjugate while driving and reduce reaction time to sudden changes. Drinking also causes blurry vision, also compromising driving abilities. The more alcohol, the more dangerous it I to drive. Drugs that affect the brain also affect driving abilities. This includes both certain prescription and over the counter drugs, as well as illegal drugs.There are approximately 13,000 drinking and driving convictions recorded annually in Ontario. Over the past decade, more than 2,000 lives have been lost, and 50,000 people have been injured because of collisions as a result of drunk driving. Impaired driving is a serious crime under the Criminal Code of Canada, and has serious penalties. The consequences for driving with a 0. 05 to 0. 08 consanguinity alcohol concentration level involves, if it is a first time offense, a 3 day license suspension, and a $150 fine. If a driver has a blood alcohol level of over 0. 8 or refuses a take a breath test to detect blood alcohol level, if it is a first time offense, the driver receives a 90 day license suspension, a 7 day vehicle impoundments, a $1 50 fine, must(prenominal) participate in a mandatory alcohol education and treatment program, and must participate in the ignition interlock program. This program is an in-car alcohol reheat screening device that prevents a vehicle from starting if it detects a blood alcohol concentration over 0. 02. In addition, if the driver is convicted of an frustrateed driving discourtesy under the criminal code of Canada, they will receive a $1000 fine, and a license suspension of 1 year.After the 2nd, 3rd, and all subsequent offenses of impaired driving, consequences are more severe, and can even result in Jail time. Even if you are simply sitting behind the wheel, and not driving the car, you can cool off be charged with impaired driving. Overall, eliminate the risks of impaired driving. If you are planning on drinking, prepare alternate routes of travel. Impaired driving is not worth the risks it causes to the base hit of the driver, passengers, and others on the road. 3. Assignment Who Causes Collisions?Inexperience can cause collisions because if a driver does not know how to react to a situation, an accident may occur. So a stunt driver who has built their whole life around driving has more experience behind the wheel and is more comfortable with driving compared to individual like myself who has Just begun driving this year does not fully understand driving a car. For example, if one is driving on an icy road, and the car starts to trend and spin, an inexperienced driver might try to steer out of the way immediately.However, an experienced driver would know that you must press on the brakes delic ate when you are facing the direction you want to go to stop spinning. A possible way to avoid accidents related to inexperience practice in a safe environment so new drivers have some experience driving a motor vehicle. However, it is also important to learn about what to do in emergencies. Inattention can cause collisions if drivers are not paying attention to the road in front f them. For example, testing instead of feeling at the road can mean that you are not paying attention to the most important task.This can mean that you do not bring out spontaneous things that happen or what your car is doing. For example, if one is testing on a highway, they may not notice that their car is drifting into the lane of opponent traffic. This could cause a head on collision with another care, which is very dangerous and highly deadly. This kind of collision can cause injuries and fatalities. A radical is to always pay attention to the road, not even looking away for a few seconds. As well , it is important to keep attentive when talking to passengers in a car or listening to the radio.Inconsideration can cause a collision if a person is not being considerate to other drivers needs. For example, if you get up off another driver with your own car by going into their lane, this could cause them to have to break, and possibly run into you. A radical to this could be to be considerate of other drivers, and not do things that you would not want them to do to you. You should always not assume that someone else will conform to you. Instead, always identify sure that you are being safe while driving. Impatience can cause collisions if a driver is very impatient.An example of this is if a driver approaches a traffic light, and the light begins to change to yellow as the driver is still far enough away to brake safely. However, the impatient driver, instead of slowing and stopping, speeds done the lights to get through the yellow light quickly. However, this could cause a c ollision in the intersection if another car is coming from the other direction. A solution is for drivers to understand that waiting a minute for the traffic light to change instead of rushing through a yellow traffic light s better than being in an accident that could possibly cause serious injuries or deaths.Ignorance can cause collisions if a driver is ignorant of the rules of the road, making it dangerous for other drivers. For example, if a driver does not use their turning signals when they turn, this can cause serious collisions. If you do not use your turning signals, this may cause other drivers to not know that you are turning. To other drivers, this could look like you are turning out of nowhere, which could cause them to rear end you, creating a collision. A solution is to turn on your signals approximately 50 meters before you want to make your turn.If you realize you need to turn as you are very faithful to or already in the intersection, instead of randomly turning w ithout your signals, it is best to instead make a turn at the next intersection instead of risking a collision. Inability Irresponsibility can cause collisions being irresponsible could mean that you dont maintain your vehicle properly, and this could cause a critical failure in the vehicle such as inability to brake, therefore your power steering pump could break in the idle of a turn and cause you to suffer control.In order to avoid collisions, it is important to be responsible in maintaining your vehicle, including going in for regular checks. This ensures that your are keeping yourself and other drivers safe. Impairment drunk driving is the most well known, but driving while under the influence of other substances such as ganja (pot) or cocaine can impair your ability to react correctly and in a timely manner. Improper seeing habits if you cant see the road ahead of you, how do you expect to stay on the road?

Racial Ethnic And Religious Profiling in the U.S. Essay

In the United States, The land of the Free, racial compose of minority groups seems all too common. Many Americans believe that jurisprudence enforcement as well as many some other people often discriminates on minority groups simply because of their color of their skin. Civil rights active and many leaders of minority groups are pressuring Enforcement agencies to eliminate racial and ethnic profiling during traffic dinero and so-called random pedestrian stops. However, many law enforcement representatives claim that the complaints slightly these activities are over bring upd and are simply in the heads of the accusers.As a nation with a history of racial slavery and racial segregation, particularly towards any group that is not Anglo-American or fair skinned, African-Americans have long complained of racial profiling. Although racial slavery has been over for over peerless hundred long time, and segregation that ended over fifty years ago, in that respect is still tension between many people over race. Hispanics and Muslims are two other ethnic groups that feel the racial profiling, often universe suspected of being terrorists or being misbranded immigrants. Racial profiling is not a new subject in America. Racial profiling dates O.K. to the colonial days in America.The revolutionary geological era there was religious profiling of Quakers because they were seen as being unfaithful to the revolution. African Americans have been racially profiled since the days of knuckle downry. Mexicans and Latinos have been scrutinized and called bulge by law enforcement since just about the time Texas gained its independence. 19th century immigration laws created ethnic and racial profiling against Asians and southern and eastern Europeans. In August of 1777 the Continental Congress ordered the arrests of multiple Quakers that were supposedly disloyal to the Revolution.The Continental Congress had no demonstrate, and there were no trials. Many of the prison ers were exiled to a Virginia jail. The captives were released from the imprisonment because of pleas from their families and from a few political leaders. During the Pre-Civil War era African-Americans made up about one sixth of the coun examines population. The majority of those African-Americans were slaves, with the majority of them slaves in the South. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 had only a few things that protected actual free African-Americans.Slave hunters could legally capture the slaves that were able to escape. Free African-Americans had almost no immunity from being captured and treated as if they were runaway slaves. The new movie 12 Years a Slave that recently came out in theatres shows how a free black man could be captured and sold into slavery without being able to exhibit their freedom, because of profiling any African-American as a slave. The end of slavery did not end the profiling of African-Americans. The Jim Crow era made segregation legal and seemingly ri ght because of laws.The Jim Crow laws rein pressure the whimsy that African-Americans were inferior to albumens. Any African-Americans accused of committing a crime could be subject to unjust treatment by law enforcement and until now unfair trials in court. One of the most heinous acts of racial profiling was the holy terror of racist vigilantes. check to the Tuskegee Institute, more than three thousand four hundred African-Americans were lynched from 1880 to 1950. Mexicans and Mexican-Americans were also victim to racial profiling since the days of the annexation of Texas from Mexico.In 1845 the Texas Rangers were formed and served as the nations first statewide police organization. According to the University of Texas del Carmen, the Texas Rangers committed many brutal acts against Comanche tribes and thousands of Mexicans. Many Mexican-Americans throughout the southwest United States and throughout most of Texas suffered from the alike(p) kind of racial segregation as Afr ican-Americans. In the 1930s nearly 2 million Mexican-Americans were forced and aggressively pressured to leave the United States.In the late 19th century Federal immigration laws portray racial profiling by the issue government. In 1875 one of the first Federal immigration laws taboo the entry of the country to many undesired Asian immigrants brought to the United States for forced labor and prostitution. In 1882 the Chinese Exclusion Act banned all immigration of Chinese laborers. Decades later the United States government delegate in action literacy tests to gain citizenship that were swayed to only help Europeans and not Asians or Latinos. On February 19th 1942 one of the most well known acts of racial profiling was committed.Under an executive order of chair Franklin D. Roosevelt, the president ordered the internment of over 110,000 people mostly of Japanese descent following the Japanese polish up on Pearl Harbor. The federal government believed that anyone of Japanese descent could be a threat to national security. Hundreds of thousands of innocent honest American citizens were forced into internment baffles me, considering that the government would never do that to White German-American citizens even though the main enemy of World War 2 was Germany.In the late twentieth century racial and ethnic profiling became an important issue in the public eye. The African-American courteous rights movement embodied the desire of African-Americans to be treated equally socially and under the treatment of law. afterwards the Civil Rights movements, African-Americans and other minorities were being treated more fairly but still falling victim to racial profiling. The FBI and DEA perfected the formal art of racial profiling in the 1970s. The DEA created a profile for supposed drug traffickers, which targeted African-Americans and people of Hispanic descent.The list of characteristics gave agents the right to randomly stop and search people twinned the prof ile legal racial profiling. In 1989 the Supreme Court granted permission to use those characteristics as probable cause to stop and search someone. Throughout the 1990s racial profiling was an epidemic with law enforcement stops in the United States. Statistics show that African-Americans were the great majority of police drug stops. In medico during 1995, a man with the last name Wilkins filed a lawsuit against law enforcement to uncover hard evidence that African-Americans were being unfairly profiled.After a thorough investigation of the Maryland law enforcement, a state police Criminal Intelligence Report showed that there was a explicit profile for targeting African-Americans. The investigation rattling uncovered that African-Americans were 72 percent of the stops made in the state. After the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001 there was a new group in the United States being racially profiled, Middle Easterners and Muslims. The federal government, as well as the many of the American public became suspicious of anyone of Middle Eastern descent or anyone who practiced the Muslim religion.Although the vast majority of Muslims are peaceful, many people as well as law enforcement began to racially profile them as terrorist. even so African-Americans and Latinos began to scrutinize innocent Middle Easterners. Although President George W. supply promised to help end racial profiling because it was unconstitutional, following 9/11 the law enforcement began to profile even more than ever. The government focused on Arab issues and anyone who could possible have links to the terrorist group Al Qaeda. Immigration Authorities began rounding up hundreds of Middle Easterners for thorough questioning.Although they denied it, Airport screeners began giving special attention to anyone who appeared to be of Middle Eastern or Arabic descent. In 2003 the Bush administration issued a Racial write guideline that stated racial profiling is okay as long as it is relat ed to National Security. In 2008 the Barrack Obama administration and critics of racial profiling began to push for more legislation to prevent racial profiling. Being the first African-American President, it seemed as if times were changing as far as racial profiling stands in the United States. In 2009 the run into of African-American teenager Trayvon Martin griped the nation.The murder was a gross(a) case of racial profiling by a vigilante in a predominantly white inhabithood. Martins murder George Zimmerman, a former neighborhood watchman was suspicious of Martin walking around his neighbor hood one evening. Zimmerman armed with his handgun, began stalking Martin and eventually confronted Martin, even though police dispatchers told Zimmerman not to. On Zimmermans 911 call he used racial slurs and clearly profiled Martin as a criminal because he was African-American. Eventually Zimmerman confronted Martin, the two got into a scuffle, and Zimmerman shot and killed the unarmed t een.After years of trial, the jury eventually assoil Zimmerman of the murder charge claiming it was self defense even though Law enforcement told Zimmerman to not follow Martin and Zimmerman did anyways. The Trayvon martin murder is still a current issue that has the nation divided. After doing extensive research on the bailiwick of Racial Profiling in the United States I have learned a lot about how far back and diverse racial profiling is. I believe that there will unendingly be racial profiling as long as there are multiple races animation in one country. Racial Profiling is simply human nature and cannot be undone by making laws or legislation. populate subconsciously profile individuals based on their individual history and knowledge. People say I dont see color but the fact of the matter is, everyone sees color. Even the victims of racial profiling are guilty of racially profiling others whether or not they say it out loud people still think it. The only thing people can d o is try there best to not act upon their assumptions of others based on race, and try their best to treat everyone equally regardless of what you may think initially. Its like the old saying, Dont Judge a admit by its cover.

Religion and Truth Essay

All Religion is TruthWhat is insanity of the religion? According to Ramakrishna, no wholeness religion is trueness, however, all the integral transmissions of sacred wisdom and contemplative practice that survive the test of term are true. (43) That means, the complete devotion to the source of association and actions finished prayer are the fundamental and around important walks of life that constitute to the wholeness of right. These most important aspects of religion constitute to the wholeness of rightfulness by what they place on the individual, which is the Grace of perfection.The belief that My Religion Alone is true is not the clear belief because all religions are truth from what the religion does to the practitioner. If the practitioner is in complete consciousness of idol and life, that alone is the key to truth. So the basis of all these religions, be it Hindu, Christian, Jew or Muslim is primarily through the sanctity of God and that is the willingness to devot e time and life through veneration to the comprehend Reality, which is God, that brings all the religions together.As time transcends and religion expands, reality becomes the critical starting point through where we begin our destiny of truth. That means, intimacy is transcendent and that it is the gauntlet or tool that creates the value of truth within the individual. To understand this point fully, we moldiness break down what Ramakrishna meant by integral transmissions of sacred wisdom. Integral means the completeness of the whole, and in this case it is utilise to exemplify the wholeness of truth in organism the basis of knowledge.By the basis it is then faultless through transmission or rather a passage of possibly enlightenment of knowledge. That is why knowledge is call downred to as sacred, because of the qualities of truth that it brings within the individual. Furtherto a greater extent, what constitutes to truth is the emphasis the individual places on eternal goal o r spiritual peace by a means of illuminating the sacredness of knowledge. Persistence of intense awareness is the truth that Ramakrishna is trying to convey. Moreover, the goal of achieving a manifested state of sanctity is through complete sincerity.That is sincerity works in the favor of the practitioner because they not only work for truth and knowledge for themselves but indeterminately for God alone, and this is what is achieved in all religions, in essence making them very connected and similar. According to Ramakrishna, its supposed to be closely what we fight for in religion, not what we fight for outside of religion. In addition, what we fight for is suppose to be for the net being, God, through Divine Nature. Divine Nature is achieved through a eternal sleep of realization in our periodic life. The key tool is sincerity.Sincerity is about being genuine and honest however it is about being honest first and foremost to the individual. Because without being able to be tru thful to yourself, there would be no decisive factor that contributes to inspired belief and thus creating a problem within the individual. The way to deem divine nature is not simple, because it takes time, but those who are sincere can and will achieve it. Divine nature consists of being able to learn from our periodic trials and tribulations and learning very critically from them. At the identical rate, the most fundamental thing that helps us on our path is the presence of God within us.(42)Why does Ramakrishna refer to God being the only living presence within us and how do we achieve this? The benefits of having God within us are bliss and license. What it means to have bliss could potentially lead to freedom, freedom of the self. It is freedom of the self because the presence of God is the only thing that we become conscious of and creates a single out of ripple within us that really brings out the bliss of God. Moreover, it is the awareness of God that structure our dai ly life and thus creates a Divine Nature that we live.Religions create a sense of supreme delight and that reveal an urgent desire to be at peace. Through judgement that God is present everyplace is the beginning stages of awareness, but moving to the stage that God is present with in us creates motivation and an motivator for the individual to complete his or her goal in life. Furthermore, in order to maintain a equilibrise of the spiritual self, there are certain spiritual ideals that are really crucial in understanding the truth in all religions. Devotion seems to sound easy, whereas it is serves as a purpose for the individual.Devotion is the committal to belief in God and resulting in profound piety. It is correlated with the idea of ideals. Ideals are processes that work bargain in hand in achieving the individuals ultimate goal, which is developed by the means of devotion. Ideals are the realization of something more and that something more is the supreme presence. Idea ls exist in the mind but at the same time in the heart and the entire body. It takes form in the individuals day to day action and helps in creating a balance within the individuals spiritual conscience.Once this process of ideals is followed up by proper actions and proper living, then consent is reached in the form of the manifestation of God. Manifestation of God means that the cause of being completely habituated in living the proper way creates the effect of harmony. Harmony is a consistent pleasing effect that is caused by this absolute idea of consciousness and bliss. That is to say that all the important aspects that were stated from the beginning to now, are the aboriginal purpose of the truth in all the religions, in essence showing the beauty that God brings onwards through each and every religion.Finally we must go back to the original question of insanity. Ramakrishna in essence is saying that it is insane to believe your religion is the only and ultimate truth for w e have no basis for that belief. We can see through the process of spiritual development that the beauty lays in the truth and sincerity each and every religion places on the individual in such a equilibrize and consistent manner. BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Philip Novak. The Worlds Wisdom Sacred Texts of the World. Harper SanFrancisco. -1st ed. Pg 42-44.